Longinus as a critic (On the Sublime)

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Longinus was an important literary critic in ancient times. His identity is not completely certain. Scholars believe he lived in the first or third century. He is famous for his work "On the Sublime." This book discusses how great writing can move and inspire people. It is one of the earliest books on literary criticism. It has influenced many writers and thinkers throughout history.

"On the Sublime" explains what makes literature powerful and beautiful. Longinus believed that great writing should touch the emotions of readers. He thought that true art should create deep and lasting impressions. He explained that literature becomes sublime when it has strong emotions, noble thoughts, and perfect expression.

Longinus described five important elements of sublime writing. The first element is great thoughts. A writer must have deep and meaningful ideas. The second element is strong emotions. A writer should express feelings in a way that moves readers. The third element is proper use of figures of speech. A writer must use metaphors and imagery in a powerful way. The fourth element is noble diction. A writer should choose words that sound grand and beautiful. The fifth element is perfect arrangement of words. A writer must organize sentences in a way that enhances the effect of the writing.

Longinus also believed that true greatness in writing comes from natural talent. He thought that rules and techniques were useful, but real inspiration came from within the writer. He said that great writers do not just follow rules. They express their thoughts and emotions in a way that makes their work unforgettable.

"On the Sublime" influenced many later writers and critics. In the eighteenth century, critics in England and France used Longinus’s ideas to understand poetry and literature. Romantic poets admired his belief that strong emotions make literature great. Writers such as John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Edmund Burke, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were inspired by his ideas.

Longinus’s ideas are still important today. His work helps readers understand why some books, poems, and speeches are more powerful than others. His concept of the sublime is used in art, philosophy, and literary studies. He showed that true beauty in writing comes from deep emotions and noble thoughts. His work remains one of the most important contributions to literary criticism.


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