BACON AS AN ESSAYIST

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Introduction

Francis Bacon, known as the father of the English essay, was the first great English essayist. He introduced a new form of writing into English literature and is admired for his intelligence and wisdom.

Three Editions of Bacon’s Essays

Bacon first published 10 essays in 1597. This number increased to 38 in 1612 and finally reached 58 in 1625. His essays are based on his keen observations of life and human nature.

Dispersed Meditations

Bacon was influenced by the Roman philosopher Seneca and called his essays "dispersed meditations." His writing is practical and influenced by the political thinker Machiavelli. His essays offer advice on how to live successfully, which is why they are called “counsels civil and moral.”

Bacon and Montaigne

Bacon borrowed the essay form from the French writer Montaigne, but their styles are different. Montaigne is personal and emotional, while Bacon is formal and logical. Montaigne appeals to the heart, whereas Bacon appeals to the mind.

Impersonal and Objective

Bacon’s essays are full of wisdom but are not personal or intimate. They are objective and logically structured. Though he does not reveal much about himself, his personality still shines through in his writing. This is reflected in Pope’s famous lines:
"If parts allure thee, think how Bacon shined,
The wisest, the brightest, and the meanest of mankind."

Wide Range of Topics

Bacon wrote on many subjects, from religion and politics to gardens and buildings. Unlike Montaigne and Charles Lamb, who focus on personal reflections, Bacon always chooses important subjects. Though his writing may seem unorganized, he never strays off-topic.

Themes of Bacon’s Essays

Bacon’s essays cover various themes. In Of Studies, he discusses the purpose of reading and how to choose books. In Of Truth, he explores why some people avoid truth. Other essays cover topics like goodness, envy, and triumphs.

Bacon’s Style

Bacon’s style is clear, precise, and direct. His essays are full of short, meaningful sentences, making his style aphoristic—full of wise, memorable statements. His early essays are brief and to the point, with little connection between sentences, creating a sense of rapid movement.

Over time, his style became more detailed and connected, with longer sentences and a less formal tone. His writing also includes wit, humor, and simple but effective imagery.

Conclusion

Bacon was a great essayist, and his essays remain a valuable part of English literature. As Legouis rightly said, “These essays are the classics of English prose.”


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