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The Sundara Kanda is one of the most important sections of the Ramayana , written by Sage Valmiki. It focuses on the heroic journey of Hanuman as he crosses the ocean, enters Lanka, and delivers Lord Rama’s message to Sita. The word Sundara means "beautiful," and this section is called Sundara Kanda because it highlights the beauty of Hanuman’s devotion, courage, intelligence, and strength. 1. Hanuman’s Leap Across the Ocean At the beginning of the Sundara Kanda , Hanuman grows to a huge size and leaps across the ocean to reach Lanka. This event symbolizes faith and determination. Hanuman overcomes obstacles, such as the demoness Surasa and the shadow-capturing demon Simhika, showing that true devotion to God can help one overcome any difficulty. 2. Hanuman’s Search for Sita Upon reaching Lanka, Hanuman makes himself small and secretly enters Ravana’s palace. He searches everywhere until he finally finds Sita in Ashoka Vatika, sitting under a tree, sad and lost in tho...

Bertrand Russell was one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century. He was known for his contributions to logic, mathematics, and analytical philosophy. His works combined deep intellectual inquiry with a commitment to social and political causes. His influence on modern thought shaped the evolution of philosophy and rational inquiry. Bertrand Russell was born in 1872 in Wales. He came from a distinguished family with a strong political and philosophical background. He lost his parents at a young age and was raised by his grandmother. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge. He developed a strong interest in logic and the foundations of mathematics. His education shaped his lifelong pursuit of truth and reason. Bertrand Russell’s writing style was clear, precise, and logical. He focused on presenting philosophical ideas in a systematic and understandable way. His works explored complex subjects with clarity and depth. He used logical a...

Plato was one of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece. He was a student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle. His ideas influenced philosophy, politics, and education for centuries. He explored topics such as justice, knowledge, reality, and the ideal society. His writings shaped the foundations of Western philosophy and continue to be studied worldwide. Plato was born in 427 BCE in Athens, Greece. He belonged to an aristocratic family and received a good education. He was deeply influenced by Socrates, whose teachings focused on questioning and seeking truth. The execution of Socrates had a profound impact on him. He decided to continue his teacher’s legacy and devoted his life to philosophy. Plato founded the Academy in Athens, which was one of the first institutions of higher learning in the Western world. It became a center for philosophical and scientific discussions. He believed that education was essential for creating a just and knowledgeable society. His Academy ...

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was a visionary leader, a great statesman, and a strong advocate of democracy and secularism. He played a key role in shaping the foundation of modern India. He believed in scientific progress, industrial development, and social justice. He dedicated his life to the service of the nation and worked tirelessly for its growth and prosperity. Jawaharlal Nehru was born in 1889 in Allahabad, India. He belonged to a wealthy and influential family. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent lawyer and nationalist leader. Nehru received his early education at home and later went to England for higher studies. He studied at Harrow, Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He later pursued law at Inner Temple, London. He returned to India and joined the freedom movement under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru actively participated in the struggle for independence. He joined the Indian National Congress a...

Charles Dickens was one of the greatest novelists of the nineteenth century. He was known for his vivid characters, social criticism, and powerful storytelling. His novels explored themes of poverty, injustice, and human kindness. He used humor, satire, and deep emotion to portray the struggles of ordinary people. He became one of the most famous and influential writers in English literature. Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England. His childhood was difficult because his father was sent to debtors’ prison, and Dickens had to work in a factory at a young age. These early experiences shaped his writing and gave him a deep understanding of poverty and hardship. He later became a journalist and started writing serialized novels, which became very popular. Famous Works by Charles Dickens 1. Oliver Twist (1837–1839) This novel told the story of Oliver Twist, an orphan who faced cruelty in a workhouse and later joined a group of criminals led by Fagin. It exposed the har...